Signaling system.



G. P. NACHOD. SIGNALING SYSTEM. APPLIUATION FILED MAR. z, 1910.

979,081 Patented Dec. 20, 1910.

.Red 4435 Oil L 6 VG 7X7 7 faz nvvslv TOR maggy/m CARL NACOD, 0FPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.v

SIGNALING SYSTEM. A

979,081. Y Original application filed October 13, 1908, Serial No.

Specification of Letters Patent; Patented Dec. 20, 1910.

457,520. 'V'Diviaea and this application 'mea Maren 2,

1910. serial No. 546,792.

To all whom it may cof/Learn:

Be it known that l, CARL. P.' NACHOD, `a citizenf of the United States,residing in the. city of Philadelphia, county of .Philadelphia, andState of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Signaling System,of which the following is 'a specilication.

VMy -inventi'onfrelates to a signaling -system, and more particularly toa' signaling system `*or apparatus to be employed 'in connection-with a.railway system in which the motive power is: electric current,l thesignal, ing currentfbeing' derived from? the power circuit or system.'.I

In electric1 railway systems, which are generally constant potentialsystems, the voltage or potential nevertheless varies through widelimits, in some cases even falling to only one-half Vor less of normalvoltage'. A

It 1s the object of my invention to provide signaling apparatus whichAwill, in* spite of such great variations vin voltage on the powercircuit, nevertheless operate with inafter described and claimed.

certainty andfidelity to give the usual signal indications orcontrollingtraliic on.- the electric railway system. To thisend I provide thesignalingapparatus with .an'inclosing casing or tank containinginsulating oil, in virtue of which construction the signalcontrollingor' operating magnets will, at' the minimumA voltage on thesystem, have sufficient ampere turns to perform their functions withfidelity and certainty and yet at the normaler higher. voltages on thesystem the magnets will be insured ,against destruction', and since atsuch `higher voltages the ampere turns are greatly' increased over whatthey areatvthe low voltages the oil serves alsov to vprevent jar andsudden im-. pact in the, more delicate signal apparatus.

Thegemployment of my construction ii1- volving oil has other advantagesvhereinafter pointed out. Myinvent-ion resides in thefeatures here- Foran illustration of one of the forms my invention" may Italie,referenceis to be had tothe accompanying drawing, in whichL-f f1 f eFigure l is a front elevational view, parts in section,of the signalingapparatus. Fig.

f2 is afragmentaryv-"end elevational view,

` part in section, oa detail-of the apparatus.

Fig. 3`zis an end elevational view of .a further detail lof thelapparatus. Figj'4 is a top plan view of a Jfurther detail.

'Referring to the drawing, the magnets or solenoids C, D, E, and F, areshown in longitudinal vertical section. ',he housings or jackets 72 ofthe magnets C and D are provided with'ears or lugs 7 3 by which they aresecured to the under side of a wooden board sov or plate of insulatingmaterial 74'which, in

turn, is secured by bolts'7 5 to the cast iron or other suitable casing76. Upon theboard or plate 74 are mounted a plurality of bind- Y ingposts 77 extending above and below-thc plate 74, the lower terminalsbeing adapted to receive the connecting wires from the variousmagnets'and contacts below, while the upper terminals are adapted toconta-ct with opposed contacts 78 secured to the insulating board orplate 79 supported by internal ears 80 on the casing 7 6, such contacts78 being connected with ,corresponding binding posts -81 upon thetoprofthe plate or boar 79, tog'these binding posts 81 being led thef outsideconductors and connections, the case 76 being suitably secured upon anypostor pole or other support along the line of the' railway and visibletothe motorman. And the housings orja'ckets '72 'of the magnets E, and Fare secured, as by screws, tothe under sides ofthe 'aolrets or housings72 of the magnets C an .D. The housings lof the magnets C and 'D aretied together by the ties 82 cast integral with them and these magnets.and the magnetsE and F form a .mechanicalunit which is supported fromthe under sidebfi'o'the plate 74.

The magnet C has the movable core `or armature 83 which, upon theenergization of the magnet C', is attracted toward the right,- inopposition to the spring 84, being guided through the core member .85 bythe rod 86 which on its right 'end carries a member 87 which, as shownin 141g. 4 abuts endwlse against a similar member 488 carried by thecore or armature 89 of the magnet D, the latter being vguided initsmovements by the rod 90 acted upon by the spring 91 which tends toholdthe core or" armature 89 toi ward the left. Upon the member 87 ispivoted 1t-92 a pawl 93, under the control of the spring 94 and adaptedto engage the ratchetpvheel 95. Upon rthe member 88 is pivoted a similarpawl` 96 also adapted to engage the ratchetwheel 95,'a second springries the contact rings 9 and 41 adapted to 94 controlling pawl 96.Upon'the energizai tion of the magnet C its core cr armature 83 l isattracted toward the right causing the pawl 93 to engage the ratchetwheel 95 and rotate it the spa ce of one notch. Such movement of thecore 83, however, is'accompanied by a pushing over ofthe core 89 of themagnet D against the opposition of the spring 91. Upon denergization ofthe magnet C the spring 84 returns the core 83 to the left,

' and upon the denergization of the magnet D the spring 91 pushes thecore 89 toward the left causing the pawl 90 to engage the ratchet Wheel95 to step it in opposite direction the space of one notch.

At the left end of the core or armature 83A of the magnet C is carried acontact, insulated from the core '83, with which engage the brushes orcontacts 14, one being directly behind the other, such brushes orcontacts being supported by the block of insulating material 97supported upon the head 98 of the magnet C. Approximate the right handend of the member 87 is disposed the contact pin 45, insulated from suchmember and engaged upon the front and rear by the contacts or brushes46. Cn the left end of the member 88 is vcarried the contact pin 48,insulated from the member 88, and adapted, upon the movement of the coremember 89 toward the right, to come between and engagethe brushes 49,one in front and the other in the rear, these brushes 46 and 49 beingsupported upon the block of insulating materialv 99 carried by the tiev82. On the head 100101 the magnet D is a plat-e 101 through aperforation in 'which extends theI rod 90 carryingthe transverselyextending pin 102 disposed in the path oit' lug 103, upon the bell cranklever 104 having the crank arm 105 to which is pivoted the arm 106extending upwardly through the plate 74 and the plate 79 to engage theunder side of the counter weight 107 upon the rod or arm 108 pivoted at109 and carryingat its outer lend the White semaphore disk 110. The pin102 and lug 103 are shown in elevational view in Fig. 3.

.The movable core or armature 111 of the magnet E is adapted to beattracted toward the left, in opposition to the spring 112 acting uponthe rod 113. which, similarly to the rod 90, carries at its outer end atransversely extending pin adapted to engage with the Wings 103, of thebell crank lever 104 having the crank arm 105 on whichv is pivoted theupwardly extending rod 106 which passes through the plates 74 and 79 andengages the under side of the counter weight 107 upon the rod 114pivotedat 115, the rod 114 carrying at its outer end the red semaphore116. On the right of the core 'or armature 111 is supported the rod offiber or other insulating material 117 which carengage respectively thepair of brushes 10 and the pair of brushes 40, the brushes of cach pairbeing disposed one behind the other, these brushes being supported bythe insulating member 99. v By the core orarinature 118, of the magnetF, is carried a rod of ber or other insulating material 119 carrying thecontact rings 30 and 60 with which'` engage respectively the pairs of`118 is attracted to .the right', and guided by the rod 120 which assesthrough the hollow core member 121 orming part of the head 122. Carried.by the rod 120 and fitting. within the bore of the core member 121 isthedash ot piston 123. In the chamber to the left o? the piston 123 is avalve 125 surrounding the rod 120 and pressing against the inner wall ofthe core member 12,1 under the influence of the spring 126, the openingthrough the core member 121 around the rod 120 being considerably largerthan said rod. When Lthe core member 118 is attracted toward the rightit carries the piston 123 toward the right end of the chamber and thevalve 125 leaves its seat and permits oil to enter into the chamber tothe left of the piston 123. -When the magnet F is denergized the spring124 resses the parts toward the left and the va ve 125 comes up to itsseat trapping the oil in the chamber to the left., thus retarding themovement ofthe parts toward their normal position. The tank 127, of cast.iron or other suitilo4 v able material, surrounds the magnets C, D,

E, F and G, and other apparatus and is supported to the upper casing 76by suitable i olts; 128, gaskets or seals 129 intervening. Within thetank 127 is contained suitable insulating oil rising to a level abovethe magnets and all moving contacts as, forl example, to a levelindicated by the line X-X. This oil is admitted within the magnethous'-y, ings and is the oil which serves for dash ot closer than in open air,thus reducingtbe dimensions of the signaling apparatus. The oil alsoserves to carry ott the heat from the various parts lgenerated by thecurrent in the magnet windings and other conductors.l

Perhaps the most important function of the oil in its relation to thesignal control and actuating apparatuswhen used in connection teml maybe great'and extend between wide .Y limits.

It is amatter of common experience in electric railway practice that thevoltage upon the supply conductors or upon the contact conductors ortrolley wires may fall far below the normal voltage', indeed may all ahundred or .two hundred volts, or even 50% below the normal potential.The signals, however, are required to operate upon the low potential aswell as lupon the normal potential. The magnets, therefore, must be soconstructed that with the lowest voltage sufficient current will passthrough, their windings to give positive response and actuation. Thismeans that at the normal or higher voltages more "than enough currentpasses through for the purpose and tends to greatly overheat the magnetwindings. The surrounding oil, however, quickly carries off thedeveloped heat with the result that on a system where the line voltagevaries between wide limits1 the signal control and operating mechanismis nevertheless positive and has minimum mechanical dimensions.

' In the front of the casing 76 are three circular openings 131, 132 and133. Through the upper opening 1'31-are visible the white or redsemaphores 110 and 116. Back of the opening 132 is disposed the whiteelectric light W and behind theopening 133 is disposed the red light R.

When the magnet D is energized the rod carries the pin 102 to the rightout of the way of the wings'103 upon the bell crank lever 104 allowingthe counter weight 107 to descend and thereby lift the white semaphore110 to the dotted line position at the opening 131. Upon thedenergization of the magnet D the spring 91 presses the rod 90 towardthe lefuaausing the wings 92 to engage the bell crank ever 104, thusraising the rod 106 a-.nd'ra-isirzgr the counter weight 107 causing thewhite'semaphore 110 to return to the full line position. By thisconstruction, the semaphore is lifted to indicating position by thecounter weight; and

thus the parts are relieved of any blows or c too sudden actuation whichmight otherwise y result from th'` energization of the mag- IVhen themagnet E is energized the core member 111 is attracted toward theleft'fin opposition to spring 112 causing the trans- `verse pin upon therod 113 to be moved 'out yof the -way of the lwings 103 of the bellcrank lever 104,"thus allowing the counter weight 107 upon the rod114'tofraise thered` semaphore ,116 up to the opening 131 to be visiblethrough such opening. Upon denergization Vof the magnet E the y,spring112;,causes; the

pin on the rod-113 to engage the"` wings on the bell crank levery104-toraise thferc'xd 106 and the counter-weightm107 and` returning thesemaphore .116 to 'the 'full line' position.

The white semaphore 110, `when infull line` v positionintervenesbetweenthewwhite light lV andl the opening 132; andlsimilarly, the f I80semaphore L16 intervenes 'between the red lightl .Rand theopeningf133,`so that when either semaphore lis in normal vposition itpre'vent'sany lighty coming through the opening intended for either ofthe electric lights.

1 represents the trolley orv other contact conductor. of an electricdrailway system eX-v tending between signalstaftions, there being turnoutconductors 2 and 3 at each station.

- 6 is a trolley switch contact adapted to be engaged by the trolleywheel or other sliding contact which connects by conductor 7 with"suitable part of the signal apparatus. Similarly, the trolley switchcontact 55 connects by conductor 6 with a proper part of the 'apparatus;and by conductor 25 the trolley feeder conductor is properly connectedwith the apparatus. f

34 is the signal conductor which extends from one station to the other,Aand conductor- 20a connects from the signal apparatus to earth or otherreturn conductor 20 of the electric railway system. It is in virtue ofthe wide fluctuations of volt-age between conductor 1 and return covductor 20 that I employ my invention as hereinafter claimed.

rThe circuit arrangements and detailed mode otoperation of the apparatusherein described is shown in my application Serial No. 457,520, fromwhich Athis application is a division.

What I claim is:

1. The combination with the su ply and return conductors of an electric-rai way system subject to great fluctuations of voltage, of signalingapparatus, said signaling apparatus comprlsing an electro-magnet havingawinding for suiiiciently energizing said magnet at a fluctuation ofvoltage upon loo said system far below normal, and'a bath of oil forsaid magnet winding, whereby at normal or highest voltages upon saidsystem said winding is preserved against excessive therefor, saidelectro-magnetic means being subjected to the ejfectsof voltageuctua-,nal and electro-magnetic controlling-means tions on said line; and abath of oil sub- 'amaai tion with a signal, of a casing nclosing'thesame, s1gnal controlling apparatus assembled as a unit and secured tosaid casing,

a tank secured to said casing and surrounding said signal controllingapparatus, and oil in said tank submerging said signalcontrollingapparatus. t,

In testimony whereof l have hereunto at'- fixednly signature in thepresence sf' the two subscribing witnesses.'

v CARL P. NACHODZJ; Witnesses: I

ANNA E. STEINBOCK, ELEANOR T. MCCALL.

